A security company on Friday asked for help cracking an encryption key central to an extortion scheme that demands money from users whose PCs have been infected by malware.
Kaspersky Lab, a Moscow-based anti-virus firm, put out the call for assistance after it discovered a new variant of Gpcode, a Trojan horse that has been used in isolated "ransomware" attacks for the last two years.
In ransomware attacks, hackers plant malware that encrypts files and then displays a message demanding money to unlock the data. In the case of the newest Gpcode, 143 different file types are encrypted, including .bak, .doc, .jpg and .pdf. The encrypted files are marked by the addition of "_CRYPT" in their file names, and the original unencrypted files are deleted. As a camouflaging move, Gpcode also tries to erase itself.
Finally, the ransom note appears on-screen. "Your files are encrypted with RSA-1024 algorithm," it begins. "To recovery [sic] your files you need to buy our decryptor. To buy decrypting tool contact us at: xxxxx@yahoo.com."
Last Thursday, a Kaspersky analyst identified as "VitalyK" said that although the company had analyzed samples of Gpcode, it wasn't able to decrypt the files the malware encoded. "We can't currently decrypt files encrypted by Gpcode.ak," said VitalyK in an entry to the company's research blog. "The RSA encryption implemented in the malware uses a very strong, 1024-bit key."
According to Kaspersky's write-up, the key is created by Windows' built-in cryptographic component, Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider. Kaspersky has the public key in hand -- it is included in the Trojan's code -- but not the associated private key necessary to unlock the encrypted files.
Two days later, another Kaspersky researcher asked for help. "Along with anti-virus companies around the world, we're faced with the task of cracking the RSA 1024-bit key," said Aleks Gostev, a senior virus analyst. "This is a huge cryptographic challenge. We estimate it would take around 15 million modern computers, running for about a year, to crack such a key." Gostev provided the public key in his posting.
"So we're calling on you: cryptographers, governmental and scientific institutions, anti-virus companies, independent researchers," said Gostev. "Join with us to stop Gpcode."
One rival researcher, however, took exception to the call to arms. In a message posted to Kaspersky's support forum, Vesselin Bontchev, a Bulgarian researcher who works for Frisk Software, an Icelandic anti-virus company, called it a stunt.
"What is proposed here is unrealistic, useless waste of time that will fail," said Bontchev, who also charged that Kaspersky's estimate of the computing time it would take to break the key was optimistic. "The only use of this project is for generating free publicity for Kaspersky Labs."
A Kaspersky employee identified as "codelancer" replied, thanking Bontchev for his opinion, but then closed the thread. Kaspersky Labs' US-based public relations representative wasn't available Sunday for additional comment.
The company has had success in the past breaking Gpcode's encryption keys, however. Two years ago, when the ransomware Trojan first appeared, Kaspersky's researchers were able to crack the 660-bit key, but only because the malware's maker had made mistakes implementing the encryption algorithm. Gpcode also reappeared last year, locking the encrypted files with what its maker claimed was a 4096-bit RSA key.
Kaspersky told users backing up their data is the surest way to sidestep ransomware scams. "That way, if you do fall victim to Gpcode and your files get encrypted, at least you won't have lost any valuable information," said a third Kaspersky analyst, David Emm.